MSDS
3RD PARTY TEST RESULT
GHK-Cu 50mg Copper Peptide
AOD-9604, lipolytic peptide fragment, which was derived from human growth hormone (HGH) during the late 1990s was modified from HGH residues 176-191. This modified compound primarily works as an element for fat burning and obesity treatment, while the exact mechanism by which this happens is still under research. It stimulates the breakdown (metabolism) of fat stores and inhibits the formation of fats without any detected side effects, affecting blood sugar levels or causing abnormal growth. In addition, the peptide shows several, apparently independent, positive effects on cartilage regeneration, improvement of metabolism or heart activity, confirmed by research.
€37.99
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Molecular Formula:
C14H23CuN6O4+
Molecular Weight:
402.92
Monoisotopic Mass:
402.107675
Polar Area:
179
Complexity:
428
XLogP:
Heavy Atom Count:
25
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count:
5
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:
7
Rotatable Bond Count:
10
PubChem LCSS:
Prezatide copper Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary
1 Usage of peptide
The product is intended for scientific research and development purposes only. Chemical substances shall not be used as a drug, medicine, active substance, medical aid, cosmetic product, a substance for production of a cosmetic product neither for human consumption that is any food or food supplement or otherwise similarly used on humans or animals. Intended only for in-vitro research, such as Receptor-ligand binding studies, Enzyme activity assays, Cell proliferation assays, Cell signaling assays, Epitope mapping, ect.
2 Peptides in transport
Peptides in lyophilized form are supplied in glass vials by standard shipping methods and do not require refrigeration. Short-term temperature fluctuations during transport will not reduce their quality and efficacy. Even at high summer temperatures, the peptides in lyophilized form are stable for several weeks.
3 Storage of lyophilized peptides
Upon receiving the lyophilized peptide, store at 4 °C or colder and away from bright light. Lyophilized peptides are stable at room temperature for weeks, but for longer-term storage, it is safer to store at -20 °C or colder. Exposure to moisture will greatly decrease long-term stability of lyophilized peptides. Before using the peptide, remove from cold storage and allow the peptide to equilibrate to room temperature before removing the lid of the container, in order to reduce the uptake of moisture that is present in the surrounding atmosphere.
4 Storage of peptide solutions
The shelf life of peptide solutions is limited. Freezing the aliquots will prolong the storage life of the peptide. What is globally accepted for peptides in solution is that they are generally stable for 3 or more weeks at +4°C and for 3-4 months at -20°C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, as this can degrade the peptides.
Description of AOD-9604
A synthetically produced peptide AOD-9604 consists of 15 amino acids. It is derived fragment of human growth hormone (fragment 176-191) known mainly for its lipolytic qualities, thanks to which it can perfectly stimulate body fat burning without negative side effects, that are mainly perceived by using common weight loss drugs. Study has shown that it has a very good tolerability and safety, thus the immune system does not form any antibodies against the AOD-9604 peptide. Other great benefit seems to be that blood sugar levels are not affected. However, several studies have also shown that chronic treatment with AOD-9604 had no adverse effect on insulin sensitivity of researched animals. So, the peptide does not appear to affect IGF-1 or insulin levels at all.
Now we would like to bring you closer to the effects of the peptide, which have been researched and confirmed in studies.
[1] [2]
Research Confirmed Effects
Overview
GHK-Cu is the copper-complexed form of the endogenous tripeptide ghk (glycyl-histidyl-lysine) and is studied as a small peptide–metal complex relevant to copper homeostasis and extracellular matrix biology. it was first isolated from human blood plasma and has since been identified in other biological fluids. in research contexts, ghk-cu is used as a model system for exploring how copper coordination can influence peptide stability, cellular uptake dynamics, and downstream signaling effects in controlled biological assays. Because copper functions as a redox-active cofactor in many enzymatic pathways, ghk-cu is frequently investigated to better understand copper-dependent biochemical processes. studies typically compare ghk-cu with peptide-only, copper-only, and untreated controls to isolate metal-dependent effects and clarify which observations are specific to the complex rather than to copper or the tripeptide alone.
Biochemical Characteristics
GHK-Cu is a low-molecular-weight copper-binding tripeptide in which the histidine imidazole ring and terminal amine groups coordinate Cu²⁺ ions. This chelation stabilizes copper in a redox-controlled form suitable for experimental systems and limits nonspecific metal-induced oxidative activity. Biochemical analyses demonstrate that the GHK-Cu complex interacts with extracellular matrix components, transcriptional regulators, and membrane-associated proteins. These properties make GHK-Cu a valuable molecular tool for studying copper-dependent enzymatic activity, redox signaling, and matrix remodeling under controlled laboratory conditions.
Research Applications
GHK-Cu is used in vitro and in animal models to study tissue-response pathways associated with repair and remodeling. common experimental endpoints include extracellular matrix markers (collagen-related gene expression, decorin-associated signals, and glycosaminoglycan-associated readouts), fibroblast migration and proliferation indicators, and angiogenesis-associated measures such as endothelial activity markers and vascular signaling readouts in preclinical tissue models. In immune and antimicrobial research, ghk-cu is evaluated for its interaction with inflammatory signaling and its impact on measurable outcomes such as cytokine expression profiles and infection-related endpoints in controlled wound and tissue models. oxidative-stress research examines changes in reactive oxygen species markers, antioxidant-response gene expression, and redox-regulatory enzyme activity under defined stress conditions. Some research programs also investigate ghk-cu in nervous-system or neurobiology models, focusing on inflammation-associated signaling, angiogenesis and trophic-factor markers, apoptosis-related readouts, and gene-expression patterns relevant to tissue stress responses. all observations are model-dependent and are interpreted strictly within the parameters of the specific experimental design and assay system.
Pathway / Mechanistic Context
Mechanistic studies indicate that GHK-Cu modulates multiple biochemical pathways, including integrin signaling, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) regulation, suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and activation of antioxidant response elements. Gene-expression analyses further demonstrate that GHK-Cu can influence transcriptional networks associated with cellular migration, extracellular matrix turnover, neuronal survival, and redox balance. Copper sequestration by the peptide appears to limit metal-catalyzed oxidative stress, thereby affecting downstream signaling cascades.
Preclinical Research Summary
Preclinical investigations of GHK-Cu include in-vitro fibroblast and keratinocyte models, neuronal regeneration assays, antimicrobial interaction studies, and multiple in-vivo animal models of tissue injury and inflammation. Experimental observations report enhanced cellular migration, increased extracellular matrix deposition, modulation of inflammatory mediators, and altered gene-expression patterns associated with regeneration and stress response. These findings are presented solely as laboratory observations without implication of clinical, cosmetic, or therapeutic outcomes.
Form & Analytical Testing
GHK-Cu is supplied as a synthetic research-grade peptide complex. Product identity and purity are confirmed using analytical techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS). Batch-specific documentation is provided where applicable.
Article Author
The above literature was researched, edited and organized by Dr. Logan, M.D. Dr. Logan holds a doctorate degree from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and a B.S. in molecular biology.
Scientific Journal Author
Loren Pickart, Ph.D. has released 109 publications and is developing patents and analyzing GHK’s effects on human gene expression of 4,192 genes. In addition to GHK’s published potential uses on skin inflammation, metastatic cancer and COPD, it appears to have beneficial effects on other tissue systems such as the nervous system, gastrointestinal system, and mitochondrial system. His brief but detailed autobiography dives into the motivations and background behind his dedicating to skin, anti-aging, and life-long training. Loren Pickart, Ph.D is being referenced as one of the leading scientists involved in the research and development of GHK-Cu. In no way is this doctor/scientist endorsing or advocating the purchase, sale, or use of this product for any reason. There is no affiliation or relationship, implied or otherwise, between Peptide Sciences and this doctor. The purpose of citing the doctor is to acknowledge, recognize, and credit the exhaustive research and development efforts conducted by the scientists studying this peptide. Loren Pickart, Ph.D is listed in [1] [3] and [8] under the referenced citations.
Referenced Citations
L. Pickart, J. M. Vasquez-Soltero, and A. Margolina, “GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration,” BioMed Res. Int., vol. 2015, p. 648108, 2015. [BioMed Research International] A. Gruchlik, E. Chodurek, and Z. Dzierzewicz, “Effect of GLY-HIS-LYS and its copper complex on TGF-β secretion in normal human dermal fibroblasts,” Acta Pol. Pharm., vol. 71, no. 6, pp. 954–958, Dec. 2014. [PubMed] L. Pickart and A. Margolina, “Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data,” Int. J. Mol. Sci., vol. 19, no. 7, Jul. 2018. [PubMed] X. Wang et al., “GHK-Cu-liposomes accelerate scald wound healing in mice by promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis,” Wound Repair Regen. Off. Publ. Wound Heal. Soc. Eur. Tissue Repair Soc., vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 270–278, 2017. [PubMed] M. Kukowska, M. Kukowska-Kaszuba, and K. Dzierzbicka, “In vitro studies of antimicrobial activity of Gly-His-Lys conjugates as potential and promising candidates for therapeutics in skin and tissue infections,” Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 542–546, Feb. 2015. [Science Direct] G. D. Mulder et al., “Enhanced healing of ulcers in patients with diabetes by topical treatment with glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine copper,” Wound Repair Regen. Off. Publ. Wound Heal. Soc. Eur. Tissue Repair Soc., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 259–269, Oct. 1994. [PubMed] S. O. Canapp et al., “The effect of topical tripeptide-copper complex on healing of ischemic open wounds,” Vet. Surg. VS, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 515–523, Dec. 2003. [PubMed] L. Pickart, J. M. Vasquez-Soltero, and A. Margolina, “The Effect of the Human Peptide GHK on Gene Expression Relevant to Nervous System Function and Cognitive Decline,” Brain Sci., vol. 7, no. 2, Feb. 2017. [PubMed] H. Zhang, Y. Wang, and Z. He, “Glycine-Histidine-Lysine (GHK) Alleviates Neuronal Apoptosis Due to Intracerebral Hemorrhage via the miR-339-5p/VEGFA Pathway,” Front. Neurosci., vol. 12, p. 644, 2018. [PubMed] X.-M. Zhou et al., “GHK Peptide Inhibits Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice by Suppressing TGFβ1/Smad-Mediated Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition,” Front. Pharmacol., vol. 8, p. 904, 2017. [PubMed] J.-R. Park, H. Lee, S.-I. Kim, and S.-R. Yang, “The tri-peptide GHK-Cu complex ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice,” Oncotarget, vol. 7, no. 36, pp. 58405–58417, Sep. 2016. [PubMed] L. А. Sever’yanova and M. E. Dolgintsev, “Effects of Tripeptide Gly-His-Lys in Pain-Induced Aggressive-Defensive Behavior in Rats,” Bull. Exp. Biol. Med., vol. 164, no. 2, pp. 140–143, Dec. 2017. [Springer] L. А. Sever’yanova and D. V. Plotnikov, “Binding of Glyprolines to L-Arginine Inverts Its Analgesic and Antiagressogenic Effects,” Bull. Exp. Biol. Med., vol. 165, no. 5, pp. 621–624, Sep. 2018. [PubMed] ALL ARTICLES AND PRODUCT INFORMATION PROVIDED ON THIS WEBSITE ARE FOR INFORMATONAL AND EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY.
RUO Disclaimer
The products offered on this website are furnished for in-vitro studies only. In-vitro studies (Latin: in glass) are performed outside of the body. These products are not medicines or drugs and have not been approved by the FDA to prevent, treat or cure any medical condition, ailment or disease. Bodily introduction of any kind into humans or animals is strictly forbidden by law. For Laboratory Research Only. Not for human use, medical use, diagnostic use, or veterinary use.
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